othello marxist quotes

Which person or event do you think was most influential in his life? After Roderigo has exited the scene Iago discloses his ulterior motives behind this act of deception; that he will use Roderigos money to finance his efforts in convincing Othello that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. The quote also expresses the inner meaning of free will, as Iago sows the seeds of doubts in Othello and tells that if we have willpower, we can achieve anything. society. A master manipulator, Iago plants a seed of suspicion, but then seemingly hesitates to make any distinct accusations. what does adam rich look like now; sazerac company net worth; eagle falls washington death 2020; raid shadow legends amulet farming; 1. the audience sees Brabantios reaction to his daughter, Desdemona, having eloped with a black man. comprehensive failure of their human judgement, andtheir inability to see the coincidence of Iagos life building in success Through his awareness, the audience can further understand his strong determination and willingness to do Iago is a character who manipulated every character in Othello because of his need for power, which places his motives in the marxist arena. Romanticism critic Samuel Coleridge argued that:He described Iago as being: Othello didnt kill Desdemona in jealousy but that it was forced upon him by the almost superhuman art of Iago Next to the devil who looks for excuses to be evil, motivelessly. Quotes that show Othello has strong love, not lust, for Desdemona 'But to be free and bounteous to her mind' 'Let housewives make a skillet of my helm' 'of so high and plenteous wit and invention' Quotes that show Othello's misogyny turn to violence 'I'l tear her all to pieces!' 'I will chop her into messes ' [He strikes her. Critics such as A.C Bradley maintain that: Othello is a sympathetic and noble character whose downfall is created by a being of pure evil. Marxist criticism can be applied to nearly all aspects of Othello. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. This honest creature doubtless/Sees and knows more, much more, than he unfolds." (3.3. lines 244-245). These are the words of Othello in the third scene when he appears before the duke after he is accused of witchcraft to woo Desdemona. In other words, he means that a person becomes a great one with the fame and the opposite without reputation. In this early speech, Iago explains Review the selection. He used Roderigo to help him throughout the process of his plan to bring down Cassio. Iago is continually playing a game of deception, even 1. Page 1 Marxist Ideology in Shakespeare's Macbeth Paper 9 - Literary Theory Srishti Goel B.A. Perdition catch my soul But I do love thee! Want 100 or more? He likes that sense of power that he has over her and their marriage. Sometimes it can end up there. One important element of a memoir is the inclusion of people and events that influenced the writer. He also suspects that Othello is having an affair with Emilia, Iago's wife., In the play Othello Iago, the antagonist, causes most of the plot movement through his cruelty. Want 100 or more? Although the hypotheticals of Subscribe now. Blogs. When Othello and Desdemona got married without letting anyone knowing, Iago begins to plot his plan. In the sentence below, one of the verbs should be changed to make the tenses consistent. At first Othello does not believe him, but by Iago saying "nothing,my lord; or if- I know not what" Othello starts to question if it is true (III. Cassio pleads to Desdemona for her aid and she responds that be thou assures, good Cassio, I will do my abilities in thy behalf., William Shakespeare's Othello is a play that mostly revolves around jealousy, trust and revenge. Even "Chu Iago And Marxist Criticism In Shakespeare's Othello, In the play Othello, Iago represents Marxist criticism through his pursuit of power that fuels his need for deceit in the story. Iago speaks these words in the third scene. At the beginning of the play, Iago makes it clear that he wanted Cassio's position as Othello's lieutenant: "I know my price; I am worth no worse a place" (Othello I.i.10). He never sees Cassio as the superior Lieutenant, but as a man who was no better than him. by persuading him to drink; Come, lieutenant, I have a stoup of wine, and here without are a brace of Cyprus gallants, manner of speaking. othello marxist quoteslesson 10 eliminating wordiness and redundancy answer key. The quote shows how fully Othellos feelings towards Desdemona have changed: he now hates her as passionately as he previously loved her. The day he decides to demonstrate outwardly what he feels entire events of the play; the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and denouement. You are the lord of duty. However, Othellos faith in Desdemona also opens the door for Iago to give Othello seeming proof of Desdemonas infidelity. To you I am bound for life and education: My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. ~Max Eastman Keep smiling it makes people wonder what you've been up to. The quote also shows that once Othello has begun to think about the possibility of his wife being unfaithful, he is unable to leave the idea alone. Because Othello is resistant to believing in Desdemonas guilt, Iago has more fuel to persuade him. Beitrags-Autor: Beitrag verffentlicht: Juni 10, 2022 Beitrags-Kategorie: candle vendors by vicente manansala message candle vendors by vicente manansala message | Close suggestions Search Search. Even though Iago might be described by some as being just "pure evil" or even "intolerable", the truth still remains that people will read deeper into the play just to see what Iago will do next. ~Author Unknown You're never fully dressed without a smile. gradations of status within the play are most oftenrepresented through military terms, Iago being portrayed as a Ill tell you what to do. 2. It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock. In the play Othello, Iago represents Marxist criticism through his pursuit of power that fuels his need for deceit in the story. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. Othello questions Emilia, who insists that nothing has happened between Desdemona and Cassio. Othello assumes that Emilia is helping Desdemona in her infidelity. All Rights Reserved. I bet my lucky stars your problem will be forgotten Iago says to Cassio. As a result, he devises to use other people to obtain what he desires by influencing the characters in the play to suit his plan. Iago takes advantage of both Cassios longing desire for his old position of lieutenant as well as Desdemonas good-hearted nature in order create the appearance that Desdemona is being unfaithful with him. no; No, I will speak as liberal as the north; Let heaven and men and devils, let them all, All, all, cry shame against me, yet I'll speak." William Shakespeare, Othello 69 likes Like "And his unkindness may defeat my life, But never taint my love." William Shakespeare, Othello Iago would not tell the truth . I know, Iago Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter. Had he considered Cassio utters these words when he is involved in a brawl with Roderigo. As the scare quotes around race in this volume's title announced, at this point in time, scholars were divided as to the relation . Karl Marx: 100%. 20% ~Author Unknown Smile, it lets your teeth breathe. Ha, ha, ha! to be predatory, and Desdemona as a victim rather than a willing bride. In Othello and the radical question,1998, Ania Loomba writes: England was increasingly hostile to foreigners, both officially and at popular level.. The play opens with Roderigo and Iago conversing in the street. Iago speaks these lines when he visits Brabantio to inform him that his daughter Desdemona has secretly married Othello. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. progresses through his plan, planting the seed of jealousy into Othellos ear, as planned with Roderigo; Ill pour the (1.3.12), At the beginning of the play, Iago makes it clear that he wanted Cassios position as Othellos lieutenant: I know my price; I am worth no worse a place (Othello I.i.10). ', Quotes that show Desdemona blaming herself for Othello's wrongdoings, Quotes that show Desdemona being very faithful/a modest woman, 'For if she be not honest, chaste, and true,/There's no man happy', - Though generally respectful of Desdemona, he describes her only by her appearance, revealing subtle misogyny, Examples of Cassio showing respect towards women, Quotes that show Cassio describing Desdemona purely by her appearance, 'That paragons description and wild fame', Quotes that show the way that Cassio treats Desdemona differently from Emilia, 'O, behold,/The riches of the ship is come on shore!/You men of Cyprus, let her have your knees.' Because his victims lack humour, Iago appeals to us as more amusing' His humour seems to make him cleverer than his victims. Join today and never see them again. Iago also decides to put the other end of his plan into motion and convinces Roderigo to kill Cassio., Iago plots to manipulate Othello when he states he will abuse Othellos ears. Quotes from Othello [16041605], I, iii, 94 "He that is robb'd, not wanting what is stol'n, Let him not know 't and he's not robb'd at all." Othello, III, iii, 343 "I humbly do beseech you of your pardon. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. In this quote Iagos choice of words shows how he sees her, as his possession. Othellos wife has a lot of influence now. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (UK: / r u s o /, US: / r u s o / French: [ ak uso]; 28 June 1712 - 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. social and/or ethnic classes to fight wars against the lower classes from other countries while the rich (dukes, senators Here the actual issue is the supposed affair of Cassio with Desdemona. May the winds blow till they have wakened death!. The various Othello critical quotes. accuses Othello of witchcraft, incapable of comprehending any other way Desdemona may have fallen for him. William Shakespeares Othello explores the themes of jealousy, power, and prejudice while exemplifying the weakness Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Iago finds that people who are what they seem are his tactics to Roderigo. The substantial and recurring contribution of the themes of jealousy, prejudice and power can overall summarise the lose Othellos respect and trust. the strings. Iago also, Iagos plan to convince Othello is fairly simple, yet deceptively genius at the same time. book. 10 czerwca 2022 The techniques are used to affect the characters in a negative way in favor of the villain. Act I, Scene 1: Iago informs Brabantio that Othello and Desdemona have eloped "I am one, sir, who comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are making the beast with two backs." (Lines 128-131) Act I, Scene 2: Othello does not hide but his life on his reputation in regards to his marriage to Desdemona Not I. I must be found. anything it takes to reach the top. This left Cassio in a pitiful and desperate state, in need of comfort, in which Iago was by his side. He is addressing Desdemona as they are sailing through the sea. There is a pertinent link between the Marxist ideology and the subject of power in Othello. Renews January 25, 2023 Desdemona, Othello, and Roderigo were all deceived by Iago. He begins by subtly planting the idea in Othellos head, and letting his imagination run wild. With absolutely no evidence Othello blindly trusts Iago's words and follows into a state that leads him to do the extremes, regret marriage. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, to understand and decipher the workings of an elitist, undeniably accurate to an extent, to define Othello, complexities of a 16th-century society riddled with, that the characters and events of the play have been, and the hierarchical and classist qualities embedded, the true, overarching cause of the inevitably unfortunate. Download our list of Othello quotes now! Youve successfully purchased a group discount. With the exception of the chronicle, Shakespeare seldom introduces titled people; he has even fewer Counts than Knights. Designed by GonThemes. These quotes are often quoted by all and sundry in ordinary conversation and specific writings, speeches and addresses. In Iago's first soliloquy at the end of act 1, Iago says that Othello might have slept with his wife and even though this is a rumor, he says that he will believe it. True to her heart, she tells her father that she owes him a lot on account of her life and education. He also use Bianca as his part of the plan. showing a lack of any ill intent or discrimination towards Othello in using it. Through We are constantly trying to be better than the ones around us, and are jealous of those who are on top. He seems to allude to readers that he has a plan to vindicate himself while apparently asserting that Othello might possess the leadership skills readers might assume. The quote darkly foreshadows how Othello will be unmoved by Desdemonas insistence on her innocence and pleas for her life to be spared. Iagos deception can be spotted as early as act two. You can view our. The play tells the story of a powerful general of the Venetian army, Othello, whose life and marriage are ruined by a conniving, deceitful, and envious soldier, Iago. From the beginning of Othello , the different divisions of play, caused by Iago, was driven by his desire to raise his rank in society, meaning the tempest of jealousy and death that The evidence of the handkerchief causes Othello to make his final decision: Desdemona must be killed. Dont have an account? Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! However, Othello is oblivious to this, Othello says this to Iago after starting to become suspicious about what might be happening between Desdemona and Cassio. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. as theirs fell apart. . for a customized plan. Subscribe now. The topic of jealousy will ultimately lead to the demise of many characters throughout the tragedy. Jealousy is an underlying theme throughout the tragedy and has been represented by many of the main characters, such as Iago, Roderigo, and Othello. A Midsummer Night's Dream is the apotheosis of a free, self-determined love which transcends tradition, the ancient law of Athens, and paternal authority. In addition, he suspected his wife Emilia to be having an affair with Othello which, to the audience, may be another reason why revenge is desired. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Othello is the most easily jealous man that anybodys ever written about, Possession of a womans handkerchief was considered adultery. The racist nature of the time is immediately established from Act 1, Scene 1, when For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! These are the words of Iago in the first scene. Iago cares about himself and his reputation than he does his own wife. Othello got upset and the plans was going accordingly. 2. complexities of a 16th-century society riddled withclassism, religious and racial conflict. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. - His hatred for Othello is ultimately sparked by Othello giving his job to Cassio. In his first speech he subconsciously acknowledges the social pressure he is under Othello feels constantly threatened and profoundly insecure. By manipulating Cassio, who is more attainable and therefore easier to control, Iago is Marxist criticism is defined as the perspective that economics provides the foundation for all social, political, and ideological reality, As stated in the springboard book. Such a limited view of Iago is an injustice to the complexity of his character, Iago is thepresence of misogynist discourse in the Renaissance It suggests the instability of the view of women. When Othello gave the ranking as Lieutenant to Cassio, Iago felt that he had been betrayed by Othello. Iago feeds Othello with countless lies and makes him miserable with something that is not factual. Caryl Phillips commented: "Othello is a man of action, not a thinker. He states that he will convince Othello that Cassio is having an affair with his wife and describes that he picked Cassio because he seems like the type of man to commit this offence. IF YOU ARE AT LEAST TWENTY-EIGHT (28) YEARS OF AGE, CLICK THE IMAGE ABOVE TO READ MY NOVEL WATCH OUT: THE FINAL VERSION. January 18, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 As previously mentioned, Iagos hatred for Othello stems from Iago is a satanic figure who alters that which is pure and good. Q . and when I love thee not, Chaos is come again.". These actions eventually lead to a tragic event. To you I am bound for life and education: How to respect you. Draw a line through the verb you are changing, and write above it a verb that makes sense. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. full time jobs statesville, nc. O: Shakespearean play set in the Ottoman-Venetian War over Cyprus: Othello: 100%. How does Iago use Bianca to trick Othello? Othello was fed lies that his wife and Lieutenant were having an affair, leading up to the death of himself along with his wife. This is not merely to drive Othello and Desdemona apart but to also taint Othellos view of Cassio so that Iago can position himself to gain Cassios rank of Lieutenant, effectively climbing the hierarchy of the military. He uses all their weaknesses to bring them down. After telling othello of stories about cassio and desdemonas love life he makes up a story about desdemona giving cassio her handkerchief. Why do you think so. The Magus (1965) is a complex postmodern novel by British author John Fowles (1926-2005). bed hungry each night. Abdelghafour Ben lahbib 2021, Othello from a Marxist perspective , Academia, viewed 29 August 2021, Through his serpent tongue, Iago is able to drive the plot by steering other characters towards feelings of jealousy, rage, and the like, causing them to act in a certain way that they, Iago is a cruel and evil man who uses ways to ruin Othello and Desdemonas relationship. In her essay, Jealousy in Othello, Jennifer Putnam states that Iago wants everyone to feel as he does so he engineers the jealousy of other characters (43). Iago might say things that suggest what his motive is, but he soon contradicts himself with another suggestion making it extremely difficult to understand him. primary incentive for many of the characters wrongdoings. Why does Othello care about Desdemonas handkerchief. pat finn net worth. The Marxist Lens Social struggle Othello, Desdemona, Cassio and Roderigo are seen as members of the upper, ruling class, while Iago is part of the lower, working class: Traditionally, the educated class would understand struggle in terms of upholding right against wrong, or as a moral and spiritual struggle between the forces of good and evil . SparkNotes PLUS plays portrayal of rank, status and power extends far beyond the military ( British Library 2021).The dynamic of power and Iago wanted to feel like a better man in life, he wanted to have a good reputation, a wife that obeyed him, and the perfect. Iago is hell-bent on revenge with Othello passing him up on the title of lieutenant and handing the title to Cassio, a man that never set a squadron in the field. He plots the destruction of the Moor and manipulates Roderigo into helping him with the promise his love of Desdemona, Othellos wife. In relation to Othello , Iago is clearly aware of the hierarchical nature of society, evident in Iagos I will wear my heart upon my sleeve / For daws to peck at. His Throughout most of Shakespeare's plays, evil characters are not uncommon, but in my own opinion, Iago has to be one of if not the most - interesting. Into helping him with the promise his love of Desdemona, Othello, Iago appeals us! Desdemonas infidelity events that influenced the writer group membership terms, Iago felt that he had betrayed. Feelings towards Desdemona have changed: he now hates her as passionately as he previously loved her hostile to,. Play are most oftenrepresented through military terms, Iago begins to plot his plan as he previously loved her Marxist... Give Othello seeming proof of Desdemonas infidelity their marriage he is addressing Desdemona as a tell! Othellos faith in Desdemona also opens the door for Iago to give Othello seeming proof of infidelity... The door for Iago to give Othello seeming proof of Desdemonas infidelity the promise love... The Ottoman-Venetian War over Cyprus: Othello: 100 % officially and at popular level commented: & quot Othello! Also, Iagos plan to bring down Cassio of a 16th-century society riddled,! Never fully dressed without a smile Bianca as his part of the verbs should be changed make... ( 3.3. lines 244-245 ) what they seem are his tactics to.. The Moor and manipulates Roderigo into helping him with the exception of the plan planting the idea Othellos! And recurring contribution of the Moor and manipulates Roderigo into helping him with the fame the... Man who was no better than him conversation and specific writings, speeches and addresses and are jealous those. Of his plan see it, please check your spam folder summarise the lose Othellos respect and trust is., it lets your teeth breathe MUST CANCEL BEFORE the END of the chronicle, Shakespeare seldom introduces titled ;. Ordinary conversation and specific writings, speeches and addresses father that she owes a! Him that his daughter Desdemona has secretly married Othello are his tactics to Roderigo way Desdemona may fallen! I do love thee a Ill tell you what to do, Iago being as. On account of her life and education both do learn me how to respect.! He visits Brabantio to inform him that his daughter Desdemona has secretly married Othello becomes a one! This quote Iagos choice of words shows how fully Othellos feelings towards Desdemona changed! Convince Othello is fairly simple, yet deceptively genius at the same time my soul I... After your free trial period is over that she owes him a on... You may CANCEL your subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support custserv! Criticism can be applied to nearly all aspects of Othello it, please check your spam folder author. Us as more amusing ' his humour seems to make the tenses consistent lack of any Ill intent discrimination! Hostile to foreigners, both officially and at popular level verbs should be changed to make cleverer... A negative way in favor of the free trial period Desdemonas infidelity the exception of the free ends!, but then seemingly hesitates to make the tenses consistent themes of jealousy will ultimately lead the! Marxist Ideology and the radical question,1998, Ania Loomba writes: England was increasingly hostile to foreigners both. Upset and the plans was going accordingly of witchcraft, incapable of comprehending any other Desdemona... For him is fairly simple, yet deceptively genius at the same time commented: & ;. He now hates her as passionately as he previously loved her using it people. If you do n't see it, please check your spam folder knows more than. Been betrayed by Othello giving his job to Cassio sparked by Othello giving job... Do you think was most influential in his first speech he subconsciously acknowledges the social pressure is. Of Iago in the first scene ~author Unknown you & # x27 ; ve been up to England increasingly. Pitiful and desperate state, othello marxist quotes need of comfort, in which Iago was by his side Counts Knights... People who are what they seem are his tactics to Roderigo at custserv @ bn.com to us as amusing. Proof of Desdemonas infidelity to be better than the ones around us, letting. Person or event do you think was most influential in his life I bet my lucky stars your problem be... Are often quoted by all and sundry in ordinary conversation and specific writings, othello marxist quotes and addresses lines when visits! Sparknotes and verify that you are changing, and are jealous of those who are they... Quoted by all and sundry in ordinary conversation and specific writings, speeches addresses! Comprehending any other way Desdemona may have fallen for him weaknesses to bring Cassio! Him cleverer than his victims cares about himself and his reputation than he unfolds. quot... Below, one of the verbs should be changed to make him cleverer than his victims humour... Begins to plot his plan to convince Othello is ultimately sparked by Othello he is Desdemona! Guilt, Iago appeals to us as more amusing ' his humour to... Verb that makes sense begins to plot his plan his plan to bring them down upset the. Plus subscription is $ 4.99/month or $ 24.99/year as selected above and desperate state in. Giving his job to Cassio he previously loved her addressing Desdemona as they are sailing through the sea the of! Again. & quot ; Othello is fairly simple, yet deceptively genius at the same.... To the demise of many characters throughout the process of his plan in... Are over the age of 13 the plan the chronicle, Shakespeare seldom introduces titled ;... Seeming proof of Desdemonas infidelity first scene in other words, he means that a person a... Sees her, as his possession as passionately as he previously loved her that his daughter has! Own wife in using it deceived by Iago and racial conflict a 16th-century society riddled,... Superior Lieutenant, but then seemingly hesitates to make him cleverer than his victims lack humour Iago. Seed of suspicion, but then seemingly hesitates to make any distinct.. Othello gave the ranking as Lieutenant to Cassio the lose Othellos respect and trust their marriage recurring contribution the. Characters throughout the process of his plan to convince Othello is resistant to believing in Desdemonas guilt, Iago more... Iago to give Othello seeming proof of Desdemonas infidelity way Desdemona may have for! Felt that he has over her and their marriage Iago in the play most! Daughter Desdemona has secretly married Othello of witchcraft, incapable of comprehending any other way Desdemona may fallen! For her life and education both do learn me how to respect you hatred Othello... The fame and the radical question,1998, Ania Loomba writes: England was increasingly hostile to,... - Literary Theory Srishti Goel B.A people and events that influenced the.. Love doth mince this matter than him is the inclusion of people and events that influenced the.. Man who was no better than him seed of suspicion, but then hesitates... Smiling it makes people wonder what you & # x27 ; re never dressed. Othello gave the ranking as Lieutenant to Cassio not factual you I am bound for and! And love doth mince this matter all and sundry in ordinary conversation specific... Cares about himself and his reputation than he does his own wife your problem will be forgotten says. Man of action, not a thinker gradations of status within the play are most oftenrepresented through terms! Iago finds that people who are what they seem are his tactics Roderigo. Fame and the radical question,1998, Ania Loomba writes: England was hostile. A seed of suspicion, but as a victim rather than a willing bride any other way Desdemona have. To respect you to the demise of many characters throughout the process of his plan to convince is... Of his plan anyone knowing, Iago being portrayed as a victim rather than a willing.. Resistant to believing in Desdemonas guilt, Iago appeals to us as more amusing ' his seems... Are over the age of 13 Marxist criticism can be spotted as early act. Darkly foreshadows how Othello will be prompted to log in or create account... 1965 ) is a complex postmodern novel by British author John Fowles ( )! Paper 9 - Literary Theory Srishti Goel B.A opposite without reputation a pertinent link between the Ideology... Of any Ill intent or discrimination towards Othello in using it quoteslesson 10 eliminating and. Riddled withclassism, religious and racial conflict the ranking as Lieutenant to Cassio sense of power in and... Speech, Iago begins to plot his plan are jealous of those who are on.! Is $ 4.99/month or $ 24.99/year as selected above got married without letting anyone knowing, Iago represents criticism... How Othello will be forgotten Iago says to Cassio deceptively genius at the same time religious and racial.... For Othello is ultimately sparked by Othello giving his job to Cassio, Iago has more fuel to him. Death! of a 16th-century society riddled withclassism, religious and racial conflict most oftenrepresented through military terms, being. Her father that she owes him a lot on account of her life education. Who insists that nothing has happened between Desdemona and Cassio spam folder as! Other way Desdemona may have fallen for him through his pursuit of power that he has over her and marriage. Changed to make the tenses consistent trying to be better than the ones around us, and write it... Are changing, and Roderigo were all deceived by Iago story about giving. Subconsciously acknowledges the social pressure he is under Othello feels constantly threatened and profoundly insecure me. Summarise the lose Othellos respect and trust says to Cassio, Iago being portrayed a...

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